I have a hard time believing that a mantis would change its colors based on its surroundings within one generation. In other words, a mantis would not realize it's environment is green and make it's next molt more green. Generally speaking, camouflage is a trait that develops over time as the off spring with worse blending coloration are eaten by visual predators (natural selection).
This being said, I could definitely see moisture playing a small roll in color (if their is anything I would personally test, it would be that. Even a small trend over the testing of several generations would be an interesting find). However, from what I have read/researched, the mantids change color from molt to molt due to genetics (and that is all). Their genes may carry the possibility for completely brown, completely green, and a blend of the two. Not only this, but this can change from molt to molt (ensuring an even broader genetic diversity in camouflage).
My personal hypothesis behind the changing between molt to molt is that it ensures a faster adaption to its surroundings through a quickly changing trait. For example: If a drought hits an area, and the environment is brown/dead, it wouldn't take as long for the natural selection to take place, and the species would adapt faster.
If anyone has links to research or articles on mantids changing color to better fit the surroundings within one generation I would be happy to see it